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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

R. B. AVERY. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASEOUS FUEL. No.398,873. Patented Mar. 5, 1889.

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R. B. AVERY. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASEQUS FUEL.

No. 398,873. Patented Mar. 5, 1889.

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R.B.AVERY. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASEOUS FUEL. No.398,878. Patented Mar. 5, 1889.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

R. B. AVERY. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASEOUS FUEL.

No. 898,873. Patented Mar. 5, 1889.

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RICHARD l). AVERY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND BURNING GASEOUS FUEL.

SPECIFICATZUII forming part of Letters Patent No. 398,873, dated March5, 1889.

Application filed September 17, 1887. Serial No- 249,932. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, RICHARD 1- Avnnr, a

citizen of the United States, residing in the city of New York, State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improve Figurel is afront elevation of a boiler-fur- I nacc having my invention appliedthereto.

the line .r, Fig. 1.

to which the mixed air and gas is delivered for consumption.

The preferred. construction and arrangement of the devices will now bemore specific-ally set forth.

In the drawings, 1 indicates the fire box or chamber of a boiler orother furnace with which my devices are to be employed, said chamberbeing a closed chamber or one which can be closed, so as to prevent thedirect admission of the external air, and which is pref- V erablyprovided with an arch, 2, for confining lug. 2 1s a horizontal sectionof the same on i Fig. 3 is a section of the 1 brick-work on the line 7Fig. l, the apparatus embodying my invention being shown in elevation.Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the cup-section of the Etll(.lltll11ll0l.sectional view of the same. Fig. 6 is an edge mixing Cllflll'lbOl. Fig.7 is a plan view of the same. S and 9 are similar views of the movableslotted disk or register of the air or mixing chamber. Fig. 10 is anenlarged sectional view of the injector used for supplying oil to theretorts or generating-pipes. Fig. 11 is an enlarged view of one of thedeflectors or cones used in the retorts or generating-pipes. Fig. 12 isan end view of the same. Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a locomotivefire-box and part of a tender, showing my invention applied thereto. insection, of the locomotive fire-box shown in Fig. 13. Fig. 15 is a planview of a hollow fiat burner which may be used instead of the perforatedpipe-burner shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and Fig. 16 is a sectional view ofthe same.

Like letters refer to like parts wherever they occur.

My present invention relates to the construction of apparatus forgenerating and consuming gaseous fuel for heating, generating steam, andlike purposes; and, generally stated, it consists in the combination,with a closed fire-box which forms a retort-chamber, of a series ofconnected retorts or generatingchambcrs, an air-chamber into which thegencratingretorts deliver and wherein the gas isintcrmingled with theair which is to support combustion, an exhaust arranged in the deliveryend of the generator, and a burner Fig. 11 is an end view, partly thegases until combustion is complete, and also for storing heat anddeflecting it on the gcneratingpipes 3.

\Vithin the closed fire-box 1 of the furnace l are placed a series of:rctorts, pipes, or tubes,

Fig. 5 is a g 3, which are connected by either a series 01' 5return-bends, =1, or. elbows 5, or both, as may view ot the slottedfixed head of the air or be preferred or rendered necessary by the formof the fire-box, the whole forming a con tinuous gencrating-chamber.These pipes or tubes 3 may be two-inch pipes, or larger, if desired, andall except the last one or two of the series are provided in theinterior with a series of conical deflectors, 6, having scrrated orperforated bases and arranged at short intervals with their apiccstoward the current to break up and inter-mingle the gases, due, in thegenerating-chambcr and to force the gases to pass in contact with thewalls of the .retorts or pipes 33. These deflectors or cones may beseparated by spacing-sleeves 7 and supported on a central rod, 8, orotherwise secured in the retort at the will of the constructor.

The receiving end of the generating-chamber is closed by a head, 9,through which projccts an injector, 10, (see also Fig. 10,) the jet ofwhich is connected with a steam-boiler by a suitable pipe, 12, providedwith a valve, 13, and the oil-supply is also connected with saidinjector by means of a pipe, 14, having a valve, 15. As a supply ofsteam is essential naces when cold unless provision is made foremploying an ordinary fire in the fire-box as a starter.

17 indicates a boiler provided with a steamdome, 18, from which in thepresent instance the steam for the injector is taken to maintain theoperation of the devices. The opposite or delivery end of the generator3 projects beyond the fire-box 1, and is provided with a bend orcontinuation, 19, of substantially the size of the generator, and thisbend terminates in a short pipe or nozzle, 20, of greatly-reduceddiameter-say about one (1.) inch, or having about one-fourth thecrossarea of the generators 3 and bend 19.

The object of reducing the size of dischargenozzle 20 is to obtain apressure-jet or injector action; but as the reduced pipe or nozzle 20will not at all times accommodate the gas as rapidly as it is generatedin the pipes or retorts 3, I prefer to combine therewith a centralsteam-jet, 21, (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3,) which may be supplied from themain steam-pipe l2 and provided with a suitable valve, 22, and willoperate as an exhaust on the generators 3.

The nozzle or pipe 20 delivers the gas from the pipes or retorts 3 intoan air or mixing chamber composed of a funnel, cup, or bowl, 23, whichis exterior to the closed fire-box l, but provided with a pipe or tube,24, that extends through the walls of the closed firechamber andterminates in a burner, 25, so arranged as to heat the generatingretorts or pipes 3.

The head of cup or funnel 23, (see Figs. 4 and 5,) constituting theair-chamber, is provided with a slotted head or spider, 26, (see Figs. 6and 7,) which is bolted thereto, and the spider is provided with acentral orifice, 27, for the passage of the pipe or nozzle 20, and ahub, 28, for a rotatable slotted plate or disk, 28, (see Figs. 8 and 9,)constituting a register by which the amount of air admitted to theair-chamber to mingle with the gas can be regulated and controlled atwill.

The pipe or tube 24;, which connects the air or mixing chamber with theburner 25, should be about five times the diameter of the nozzle or pipe20, which delivers the gas to'the air or mixing chambersay about fiveinches diameter, more or less-first to accommodate the additional volumeof air which is to be mixed with the gas, and, secondly, to avoidback-pressure in the nozzle 20 and pipe or generator 3.

The burner 25 may be of any desired pattern-for instance, the commonT-pipe shown in Figs. 2 and 3 or the flat hollow form shown in Figs. 15and 10, and if of the latter it may be of either cast-iron or fire-claymade in two sections and bolted together. In either case it is desirablethat the aggregate area of the perforations in the burner should be atleast double the cross-area of the pipe or tube 24, leading from theair-chamber to the burner, in order to provide for friction, obtainuniform flow of gas, and to avoid back-pressure.

gas, so as to obtain complete combustion and a proper heating of thegenerators.

A deficiency in the volume of air mingled with the gas in air-chamberand tube 2i might be supplied by admission of air to the fire-boxdirect; but, while this would aid combustion, it would be liable tochill the generating-pipes and render their operation irregular.

. In most furnaces it is preferred to arrange the generating-pipes 3upon the floor of the closed fire-box g1;v but in othersas, forinstance, locomotive fire-boxes, (see Figs. 13 and 1l)it may bedesirable with the present form of fire-boxes to arrange the pipes 3 oneabove the other on both sides of the fire-box and unite the two sets bya cross-pipe, 30, at the back end of the fire-box or across thebridgewall. 31 indicates an oil-reservoir connected by the pipe 14 withthe injector 10.

The devices, being of substantially the character described, willoperate as follows: Steam from a suitable source will be admitted toinjector 10 through pipe 12, and also oil through pipe 14. The steamwill induce the flow of the oil, and the two, mingling, will form avaporous combustible fuel, which will flow through generatonpipes 3 tonozzle 20, Where, mingling with air in the air or mixing chamber, themixture will pass to the burner 25 and be consumed in the closedfire-box 1. The generating pipes 3 will be gradually brought to anintense heat, and the mixture of steam and oil passing therethrough willin a short time cease to be a simple vapor, but will be converted intosubstantially a fixed gas, which gas as it is delivered into the air ormixing chamber will suck in and intermingle or intimately mix withitself the air necessary to support combustion, and the mixture beforeit reaches the place of ignition will be thoroughly heated, whichprevious mixture of the air and gas and the'heating thereof to the pointnecessary for ignition or combustion will produce an intense fire withthe minimum amount of fuel, will prevent the loss incident upon chillingor cool drafts in the fire-chamber and the deposit of soot, and will addto the durability of the devices themselves. Furthermore, thecombination of the air-mixer and burner with the retort and closedfire-chamber preserves an even temperature in the closed fire-chamber,and that in its turn prevents irregularities in the operation of theretorts and insures the uniform volume and quality of gas for any givenand regulated steam and oil supply.

Having thus described the nature and oper ation of my invention, what Iclaim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In devices for generating and burning gaseous fuel, the combinationof a'closed combustion-chamber, a generating pipe or retort IIO hanst,21, the funnel-shaped air and mixing chamber provided with the register26 28, and a perforated burner, 25, substantially as and I 5 for thepurposes specified.

In testimony whereof I affix m y signature, in presence of twowitnesses, this 15th day of September, 1887.

RI (HARD B. AVERY.

Witnesses:

GEO. B. HULME, ALFRED KIMBER.

